Tritanium based alloy for use in applications requiring extremely high strength and temperature resistance. Some examples are thruster mounts or afterburner nozzles.
ANNs preside over a starship's various electronics subsystems and keep everything in working order, rerouting power and processing when systems are damaged or go offline.
Autonomous field programmable holographic signal processor with embedded holographic data storage. Used in most modern computers, the ubiquitous AFPHSPEHDS is colloquially known as the "Aphid". This name leads of course to many bad puns about bugs in the system.